How do I calculate my dog's age in human years?

Our dog age calculator uses AAHA 2023 life stage guidelines adjusted by breed size. Small dogs age slower than large dogs — a 5-year-old Chihuahua is roughly 36 human years, while a 5-year-old Great Dane is about 42.

Why is the 7× rule inaccurate for dogs?

The "multiply by 7" formula ignores the rapid maturation in the first 2 years of a dog's life and the size-dependent aging rates. Our calculator accounts for breed size, which is backed by AAHA guidelines and UCSD methylation research.

How long do dogs live by breed?

Lifespan varies significantly by breed size: small dogs (under 10 kg) live 14-16 years, medium dogs (10-25 kg) live 12-14 years, large dogs (25-45 kg) live 10-12 years, and giant breeds (over 45 kg) live 7-10 years. Genetics, diet, exercise, preventive veterinary care, and weight management are the strongest longevity predictors. Mixed-breed dogs tend to live 1-2 years longer on average than purebreds of similar size, according to AAHA and AKC data.

Why do small dogs live longer than large dogs?

Small dogs live significantly longer than large breeds — Chihuahuas average 14-16 years while Great Danes average 7-10. The leading theory is that large breeds age at an accelerated rate after maturity: large-breed cells divide faster and accumulate more oxidative damage. The UCSD epigenetic clock study found that large dogs' DNA methylation patterns change faster than small dogs' after age 2, equivalent to aging ~1.3× faster per year. Other contributing factors include higher cancer rates in large breeds (cancer accounts for ~50% of giant breed deaths vs. ~25% in small breeds), and the metabolic cost of maintaining a larger body mass puts more stress on organ systems. Selective breeding for size has inadvertently selected for faster-aging genetic profiles in giant breeds.

How accurate is the dog age calculator?

Our dog age calculator is based on the best available science — AAHA breed-size-adjusted life stage guidelines combined with UCSD's 2020 DNA methylation study. The calculator accounts for breed size (small/medium/large/giant), which is the single most important variable after age. Accuracy limitations: the UCSD study focused on Labrador Retrievers, so the epigenetic clock is most validated for that breed size. Individual dogs age differently based on genetics, diet, exercise, weight management, dental health, and preventive care. Mixed-breed dogs tend to live 1-2 years longer than purebreds of similar size, and they age more like the smaller parent breed. Our calculator gives the best population-level estimate; individual variation of ±2-3 human years is normal.

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Dog Age Calculator: Dog Years to Human Years

How old is your dog in human years? Our calculator uses breed size — not the outdated 7× rule.

私の犬の年齢

歳

追加（任意）：

ヶ月

私の犬のサイズ/犬種タイプ

小型< 10 kg / 22 lb · 例：チワワ、トイプードル中型10–25 kg / 22–55 lb · 例：ビーグル、コッカースパニエル大型25–45 kg / 55–99 lb · 例：ラブラドール、ハスキー超大型> 45 kg / 99 lb+ · 例：グレートデーン

犬の年齢と人間の年齢の換算表

犬の年齢	小型 <10kg	中型 10-25	大型 25-45	超大型 >45kg
1歳	15	15	15	14
2歳	24	24	24	22
3歳	28	30	30	31
4歳	32	35	36	40
5歳	36	41	42	49
7歳	44	52	54	67
10歳	56	68	72	94
15歳	76	96	102	139

AAHAイヌ科ライフステージガイドラインに基づく。超大型犬種は平均寿命が短いため、比率が速く圧縮。

なぜ「7倍ルール」を使用しないのか

人気の「7倍する」式には科学的根拠がありません。犬は最初の2年間で急速に成熟（性成熟と完全なサイズに達し）、その後はゆっくり老化します。私たちの計算機は、米国動物病院協会（AAHA）と2020年UCSDエピジェネチクスメチル化研究からのサイズ調整ライフステージガイドラインを使用します。大型犬種は代謝率が高く細胞分裂が速いため、サイズ自体ではなく—より速く老化。

AAHAライフステージガイドライン →

主要な知識

Why the 7× Rule Is Inaccurate

The "multiply by 7" rule ignores two biological facts: dogs mature 15× faster in their first year, and small breeds age slower than large breeds after maturity. A 1-year-old dog is not a 7-year-old human — they're closer to 15. By year 5, a Chihuahua (~36 human years) is far younger than a Great Dane (~42 human years).

Source: Wang et al., UCSD (2020)

How UCSD Epigenetic Research Works

UCSD scientists compared DNA methylation patterns — chemical marks on DNA that change predictably with age — across 104 Labrador Retrievers and humans of all ages. They found dog aging follows a logarithmic curve: rapid in youth, slowing with age. The study (Wang et al., 2020) is the first quantitative epigenetic clock for dogs and reshaped how we understand canine aging.

Source: Wang et al. — Cell Systems (2020)

Why Small Dogs Live Longer Than Large Dogs

Large breed dogs age at an accelerated rate after their first two years — a 10-year-old small dog is about 60 human years; a 10-year-old giant breed can be 80+. The mechanism isn't fully understood, but research points to faster telomere shortening, higher oxidative stress, and growth-rate-related cellular aging in large breeds.

Source: AAHA Life Stage Guidelines (2021)

What Are Dog Life Stages?

AAHA defines four life stages: Puppy (0-1 year, rapid growth), Young Adult (1-4 years, peak health), Mature Adult (5-10 years, preventive care focus), and Senior (varies by breed size). Small dogs reach senior status at >10 years; giant breeds at >7 years. Each stage has specific health screening recommendations and nutritional needs.

Source: AAHA Canine Life Stage Guidelines

petsMetricsが査読付き獣医ソースを使用して検証したデータ。引用：ASPCA、AVMA、AAFP。最終レビュー：2026。

The Science Behind the Dog Age Calculator

Our calculator integrates two scientific frameworks: the UCSD epigenetic clock study (Wang et al., 2020) that established the logarithmic aging curve for dogs, and AAHA 2021 Canine Life Stage Guidelines that classify dogs into four life stages by breed size. Small breeds (<10 kg) age ~4 human years per dog year after maturity; giant breeds (>45 kg) age ~7-8 human years per dog year. This dual-model approach provides both a human-equivalent age and the clinical life stage your veterinarian uses for health screening decisions.

References: Wang et al. — Dog-to-Human Aging, Cell Systems (2020); AAHA Canine Life Stage Guidelines (2021)— via petsMetrics

子犬の成犬時のサイズを予測

子犬がどのくらい大きくなるか気になりますか？品種と現在の体重に基づいた成長予測器をご利用ください。

成犬時のサイズを予測 →